Labor productivity in livestock enterprises of Ukraine

Abstract

Labor productivity is one of the leading indicators of the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises and an indicator of technological development. The level of labor productivity is characterized by the volume of products produced in terms of value or in kind per employee or unit of time spent. In addition, when evaluating the efficiency of labor use, the inverse of labor productivity is used as the indicator of the labor intensity of products, which shows the time spent on the production of a unit of volume or value of products. The article analyzes labor productivity in agricultural enterprises, particularly the livestock industry of Ukraine, for 2010-2020 per 1 employee, in constant prices of 2016. Labor productivity in livestock enterprises by region of Ukraine is studied. The ratio of labor productivity per 1 worker in animal husbandry to the average salary in agriculture per year was determined. The estimated specific weight of labor remuneration with deductions from the cost of produced products in livestock enterprises, as well as the average labor intensity of livestock production by regions of Ukraine in 2020, was calculated. According to the results of the study, it was established that the productivity of labor in the enterprises of the livestock industry during the studied period is growing steadily and, according to the results of 2020, reached UAH 873,000. Based on one employee per year at constant prices of 2016, which is 20,000 hryvnias. More than in crop production. The highest level of labor productivity among livestock enterprises is observed in the Vinnytsia region - at the level of UAH 3.1 million per 1 employee per year. The average indicator of labor intensity in livestock breeding in Ukraine was 2.2 hours per 1 thousand hryvnias cost of products. In enterprises of the Lviv region, this indicator is 10 % lower than the average in Ukraine. The growth of labor productivity in animal husbandry and agriculture primarily leads to a disproportionate change in wages, the specific weight of which in the value of manufactured products grows relatively slower than the level of labor productivity. To increase the level of efficiency in the use of labor in animal husbandry, it is necessary to introduce innovative intensive, resource-saving technologies, increase the volume of production and sale of products, make maximum use of production facilities, mechanize and automate the process of animal breeding, and improve the quality of management.