Abstract
At present, early diagnosis and treatment is the most effective way to treat early gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Therefore, we attempted to carry out multiphoton imaging of early neuroendocrine tumors because of its ability to label-free image tissue microstructure at the cellular level. Imaging results show that this imaging technique can quickly identify the histopathological changes in mucosa and submucosa caused by tumor invasion. Furthermore, we performed automatic image analysis on SHG images and extracted two optical diagnostic features-collagen density and average intensity, and also found obvious differences in the density as well as average intensity of collagen fibers in tumor microenvironment using a series of quantitative analysis. These findings may further facilitate the development of multiphoton microscopic imaging technique for clinical use.
Highlights
In recent several years, gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms get more and more attention because they are on the rise likely as a result of more endoscopy being done [1]–[3]
HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES OF EARLY GASTROINTESTINAL NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms demonstrate a low frequency of distant and lymph node metastasis when these primary tumors are confined within the mucosal or submucosal layer [20], and as a result are suitable for less invasive therapies
Endoscopic therapies, for instance, endoscopic mucosa resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), are increasingly likely to serve as the first-line treatment for these early diseases [21], [22], because they are less invasive than surgical resection and can provide improved quality of life for patients
Summary
Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms get more and more attention because they are on the rise likely as a result of more endoscopy being done [1]–[3]. They are often indolent and generally slow growing tumors, but can be very aggressive and metastasize widely [4], [5]. These tumors may be diagnosed accidentally, or as part of the work-up for upper gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia, or non-specific abdominal pain [6], and their diagnosis is often delayed. It is necessary and meaningful to develop an effective tool for accurately identifying early neuroendocrine neoplasms
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