Abstract
The synthesis of a network of cross-linked multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on a cysteamine-functionalized screen-printed gold electrode (MWNT/Au-SPE) and its use as a sensor for hemoglobin (Hb) determination is reported. It is proved to be a ready-to-use platform for routine clinical analysis in the blood after the separation of red blood cells. The study shows direct electron transfer between Hb-FeIII and Hb-FeII on applying a potential difference which is beneficial in detecting the presence of Hb in solution. The characterization of MWNT-embedded electrode was accomplished through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Raman spectroscopy, optical profiling, and cyclic voltammetry. EIS studies show a reduction in the value of surface charge transfer resistance (Rct) from MWNT/Au-SPE (−2.72 kΩ) to bare Au-SPE (−24.38 kΩ), respectively. MWNT/Au-SPE showed better electrochemical characteristics, and kinetic studies revealed the heterogeneous rate transfer constant (ks) of 1.26 s−1. The electrochemically active surface area was also increased 100 times from bare Au-SPE (2.41 × 10−6 cm2) to MWNT/Au-SPE (2.052 × 10−4 cm2). The sensitivity of the sensor for Hb determination was found to be 20.50 μA g−1 dl in the linear range of 9–15 g dl−1 for lyophilized Hb. It is also found to be extremely sensitive for Hb determination in blood samples with 38.75 μA g−1 dl sensitivity in the same linear range.
Published Version
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