La traduction, un processus évolutif vu en rétroaction par la théorie de construction de niche

Abstract

Translation, an Evolving Process seen in Retroaction by Niche Construction Theory This article delves into the translation process as a complex, self-organised system, viewed through the lens of niche construction theory. It highlights three key aspects: the modification of translation’s environmental conditions, the selection pressures acting on translation as it shapes its environment, and the evolutionary responses observed within the translation process. Firstly, it underlines how translation modifies its own environmental conditions through feedback loops between translators and their practices. Drawing on the insights of Gideon Toury and Kobus Marais, this perspective portrays translation as a dynamic and retroactive system. For example, the semantic evolution of the term “translate” itself reflects the dynamic interaction between translators and their environments. This model illustrates how translation continually shapes and redefines its context, resulting in a continuously evolving discipline. Additionally, the article explores the selection pressures that impact translation, akin to natural selection, where translation serves as a cultural and linguistic vector undergoing processes of variation, adaptation, and heredity. It examines how translation adapts to changing environments while preserving knowledge. Moreover, the article examines evolutionary responses observable in the translation process, such as computer-assisted translation, machine translation, and translation memories. These examples underscore translation’s capacity for self-observation, self-organisation, and self-creation (autopoiesis), reflecting its inherent complexity and adaptability. In conclusion, the article draws parallels between the translation process and biological niche construction, particularly focusing on the feedback law. It proposes a conceptual framework for understanding the factors contributing to the translation environment, emphasizing the complexity and multiplicity inherent in translation processes. This niche construction theory provides insights into the dynamic nature of translation and its reciprocal relationship with its environment. As technology, particularly AI, advances, the translation niche may evolve into a cognitive niche, enhancing our ability to observe and control the translation process. Thus, this study advocates for an interdisciplinary approach that bridges sociological and biological perspectives, paving the way for future research in the evolving landscape of translation studies..