Abstract
Abstract The author recalls the four classical definitions of drought: — pluviometrie drought, numerically characterized by a pluviometric ratio — climatic drought, depending on the potential water budget — agricultural drought, referring to the easily available soil water storage — hydrological drought, recognized by an anomaly in the water supply to the water courses. The first two types are analysed with respect to the 1976 drought in France, and the results are plotted on maps. The meteorological causes of the drought are then examined, using data from Europe and North Africa. Finally the effects of the drought on surface water (groundwater does not appear to have been affected), river transport, pollution, hydroelectric power supply, and above all on agriculture, are given.
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