La présence frauduleuse de lait de vache dans les fromages de chèvre et de brebis présente un risque pour les sujets allergiques au lait de vache. Évaluation préliminaire

Abstract

Aim of the studyTo evaluate the risk of illegal adulteration of goat and ewe cheese with cow's milk in children allergic to cow's milk (CMA). MethodEvaluation based on a probabilistic evaluation model of risk allergy proposed by an international panel of experts under the aegis of the Europreval project. Reactive thresholds to cow's milk were determined by single and double-blind oral provocation tests to lactose-free milk in 111 children. High-risk subjects are those with IgE-mediated CMA. ResultsEighty percent (80%) of the French population eat goat and ewe cheese. The rate of adulteration is not known. Taking into account 0.5% of cow's milk proteins present, the amount corresponding to a portion of goat cheese is calculated depending on the type of cheese: 7mg to 42.7mg. CMA IgE-mediated occurs in 13.5% of CMA children. 7.2% have reactive thresholds below 56.6mg. In France, the number of children at risk of adverse reactions might be set at between 1022 and 11,930, with a risk of severe anaphylaxis for 184 to 1610 children per year. The authors discuss the reasons for a likely under-estimation. ConclusionThe real risk of illegal adulteration of goat and ewe cheese with cow's milk must be taken into consideration by fraud prevention authorities. Consumption of goat and ewe cheese should not be allowed if the child has presented severe anaphylaxis to cow's milk. In the absence of any cross-sensitization, these cheeses could be eaten only if they have received suitable certification (AOC11Nomenclature of controlled origin. or AOP22Nomenclature of protected origin.).