Abstract
In children, hip diseases are revealed by a walking disorder or limping, which requires physical examination and imaging by ultrasound, radiography and, depending on the case, MRI. The diagnoses differ according to age and the inflammatory or mechanical nature of the symptoms. Before the age of two, two diagnoses are encountered: septic arthritis (therapeutic emergency) and hip dysplasia, which must be systematically screened. After two years the most common cause of acute hip arthritis is transient hip synovitis; juvenile idiopathic arthritis may be revealed by an initial hip injury (especially in the case of spondyloarthropathies); cases of villo-nodular synovitis and osteochondromatosis are rare; bone may also be involved (recurrent multifocal osteitis, osteoid osteoma or much more rarely malignant tumor). Mechanical hip pain is more common in boys: osteochondritis (Legg-Perthes-Calvé disease) occurs between 4 and 8years of age, epiphysiolysis is observed later at around 13/14years of age in boys often overweight; it can be complicated by chondrolysis. Apophysitis in the greater trochanter, iliac spines or ischium can also cause hip pain in children aged 12 to 15years old practicing many sports.
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