La fin des coopératives : la décollectivisation agricole au Nord Viêtnam

Abstract

The End of Cooperatives : Agricultural Decollectivization in North Vietnam. In North Vietnam, decollectivization is generally considered to have begun in 1988, but it was already going in this direction, to all intents and purposes and without the regime accepting it ideologically, since 1981. Earlier, collectivization had achieved considerable technological progress, but that it had ended in an economic failure was apparent as early as 1976, although the hope that the Great Socialist Agriculture would soon come into existence was maintained throughout the 1976-1980 period. The reforms of 1981 had the result of reapportioning the land to the advantage of families and also led to a strong liberalization of production itself. They do not, however, constitute a completed decollectivization program since the markets remained tightly controlled by the State. It was not until 1988, with «Khoan (Resolution) n°10», then in 1989 with the freeing of the markets, and finally in 1993, with the last real estate reform, that Vietnam completed its decollectivization program, thus eliminating its cooperatives.