Abstract
The sodium form of Faujasite Y (Na-FAU) zeolite has been synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and it has been exchanged with ammonium sulphate and later with lanthanum (III) chloride solutions to obtain the La-FAU catalyst. The three zeolites Na-FAU, NH4+-FAU and La-FAU have been characterized by microcrystalline X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, surface area, pore volume and Brönsted acid sites. The La-FAU catalyst has been successfully activated with boron trifluoride etherate, and it has been tested in the alkylation reaction of isobutane with isobutene up to 112 h of time on stream, since the raw La-FAU catalyst showed a rapid deactivation.
Highlights
The alkylation reaction of isobutane with the C4 cut from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) or steam cracking (SC) allows to increase the amount and quality of the gasoline cut in oil refineries
Scientists have tried to replace these liquid acids with solid acids, typically zeolites, but the actual fact is that a solid acid catalyst with the performance of the liquid acids remains still to be found [1,2,3,4]
A catalyst based on zeolite Na-Faujasite has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and ionic exchange with a L a3+ salt. This catalyst has been tested in the alkylation reaction of isobutane with isobutene, which can be considered as a model of the industrial process, since the main alkylation product, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (2,2,4-TMP, isooctane, iC8) is the reference compound for the octane rating of gasolines
Summary
The alkylation reaction of isobutane with the C4 cut from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) or steam cracking (SC) allows to increase the amount and quality of the gasoline cut in oil refineries This reaction is carried out in liquid phase at low temperature and pressure, catalyzed by mineral acids like hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid. A catalyst based on zeolite Na-Faujasite has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and ionic exchange with a L a3+ salt This catalyst has been tested in the alkylation reaction of isobutane (iC4) with isobutene (iC4=), which can be considered as a model of the industrial process, since the main alkylation product, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (2,2,4-TMP, isooctane, iC8) is the reference compound for the octane rating of gasolines. This nucleation gel was left standing at room temperature for 48 h without any agitation
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