Abstract
Climate and anthropogenic actions are the main.resporisibles of soil erosion and desertification processes in the mediterranean semiarid regions. The quantitative estimation of some hidrological and erosives processes, under extreme semiarid climate conditions, is carry out in the experimental catchment of Rambla Salada, located in the middle of Murcia's Region (South-East Spain), built on neogene marls and quaternary sediments. The principal land ·uses are associated to the dryland agricultural, mainly almond trees, and open steppe vegetation of esparto (Stippa tenaccisima) that protect badly the soil. During the short period of observation (1996-2000), the geomorphological and hydrological responses have been poor due to drought. Low rates of soil erosion and few rainy events originated flash floods. The monitoring of catchment and a small experimental field, the use of DTM and its integration in the GIS, allow to know and evaluate the most relevant hydrological events and geomorfological territory processes that operate to plot and catchment escales.
Highlights
Palabras clave: Cuenca semiárida, Generación de escorrentía, Hidrología superficial, Cauce, Humedad del suelo, Erosión del suelo, Sedimentos, Instrumentalización
anthropogenic actions are the main.resporisibles of soil erosion and desertification processes in the mediterranean semiarid regions
uses are associated to the dryland agricultura
Summary
RESUMEN· Clima y acción antrópica son los responsables principales de la erosión del suelo y del riesgo de desertificación que puede registrar un territorio. La estimación cuantitativa de algunos procesos hidrológicos y erosivos, bajo condiciones semiáridas mediterráneas extremadas, se realiza en la cuenca experimental de Rambla Salada, situada en el centro de la Región de Murcia, sobre substrato de margas neógenas y sedimentos cuaternarios. Los usos del suelo dominantes son los de la agricultura de secano, mayoritariamente dedicada al cultivo del almendro y una cubierta vegetal, muy abierta, de especies esteparias que protegen mal al suelo. Un dispositivo instrumental de registro de datos a dos escalas diferentes, la utilización de un modelo digital del terreno y la integración en un entorno SIG, permite conocer y evaluar, en primera aproximación, los más destacados mecanismos geomoifológicos e hidrológicos, que operan a escalas· de parcela y cuenca
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