Abstract
ABSTRACT We present a new period of Brazilian industrialisation with two cycles linking first an opening then a closing to international trade (1930–1973 and 1974–1986…). These cycles are explained by changes in the management of the internal and external constraint. Thus we notice that this country has regulary fluctuated between the adoption of a self-reliance import substitution pattern and the parallel implementation of an export promotion policy. An analysis of sectorial data shows that the traditional consumer goods sectors have suffered from this evolution. It has hindered the deconcentration of incomes and the population's needs (internal constraint) as well as the growth of the export of manufactured goods (external constraint). The difficulties Brazil now has controlling the evolution of their macroeconomic agregates, in spite of the relative maturity of the productive system, reminds us that the country will be forced to implement an export promotion policy to serve the import substitution.
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