Kultur Antera untuk Percepatan Perakitan Varietas Padi di Indonesia

Abstract

<p>Rice is a staple<br />food crop in Indonesia, while the need is increasing due to<br />high rice consumption as well as population increase. The<br />problems can be solved through increase of national rice<br />production. Productivity of lowland and upland should be<br />increased intensively and other potential dry area outside<br />Java and Bali Islands should be considered for extending the<br />area of production. Recently, high yielding variety such as<br />semi dwarf variety, hybrid rice, and new plant type of rice<br />were being developed by Indonesian breeders. However,<br />new method is needed to complement conventional<br />breeding method in order to accelerate rice breeding.<br />Anther culture is one of in vitro culture techniques that can<br />be used to accelerate the obtainment of pure lines through<br />doubled-haploids (DHs) regenerated at first generation of<br />culture for less than one year. Thus, application of anther<br />culture in conventional breeding will increase the efficiency<br />of selection process as well as reducing the cost for labour,<br />land and breeder’s time. The obtainment of green plantlets<br />derived from anther culture of indica rice subspecies has<br />been improved by the addition of 1 mM putrescine into<br />induction and regeneration media. Recently, several upland<br />rice lines tolerant to abiotic stresses (i.e. low light intensity<br />and aluminum toxicity) and biotic stresses (i.e. leaf and<br />neck blast), several lowland rice/paddy lines tolerant to<br />biotic stresses (i.e. bacterial leaf blight and blast), and<br />several hybrid parental lines (i.e. male sterile, maintainer<br />and restorer) were obtained in 2-3 years from several rice<br />breeding program involving anther culture. However,<br />potential use anther culture to provide unique genetic<br />material for mapping populations for use in functional<br />genomics and molecular breeding has not been explored.<br />The results indicated that anther culture is a feasible<br />technology that can be used for accelerating rice breeding<br />program in Indonesia.</p>