Abstract
An alternative application is the recovery of valuable elements from red mud. Red mud contains appreciable amounts of industrial metals such as Fe, Al and Ti and rare earth elements like Sc, Ce and La. Extensive researches have been carried out into the topic worldwide. Parallel with the other countries worldwide, researches have also been carried out in Turkey on the utilization of Seydisehir red mud. Application of red mud in construction materials, ceramic and glass industry, water purification and as coloring or catalytic agent has been proposed in the literature. However, these applications are not noticed by the companies and investors because the relatively low economic value of the products or because of their limited market which cannot respond to the huge amounts of red mud disposal. Red mud is a waste material of the Bayer process for alumina production from bauxite ore. Red mud is generally pumped to disposal in an artificial pond. In addition to the vast area of the land occupied, red mud pollutes water resources and leads to environmental issues because of its high alkalinity. This paper reviews and classifies the researches into the extraction of valuable elements from the red mud carried out in Turkey and worldwide.
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