Krepšinio žaidėjų fizinių ir funkcinių galių kaita skirtingo pobūdžio intervalinėse treniruotėse

Abstract

Physical activity of basketball players during the match is usually defined by the amount of work (distance, quantity of actions, duration, etc.) and intensity of work (frequency, rate, speed, etc.) by evaluating the interaction of these components in practice. However, duration of repeated sprints and recovery intervals are different depending on different situations of the game. The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate how different types of interval training affects physical and functional capacity of basketball players. Twelve highly trained basketball players (age 21 ± 1.9 y, weight 86.2 ± 5.8 kg, height 189.6 ± 6.8 cm, BMI 23.9 ± 1.3 kg×m-2, standing reach 247.8 ± 9.6 cm), voluntarily participated in this study. All participants had 12 ± 1.9 y of basketball training experience with ~10 h training per week. A single-group repeated-measures study design was selected for this study. The mode of interval training (IT-1 and I-T2) by manipulating the number of repetitions, rest time and length of running distance, but maintaining the same amount of work (900 meters), work to rest ratio (1 : 5) and recovery time (5 mins) was selected as independent variable. Running speed, duration, fatigue index, dynamics of recovery and response to a physical load (heart rate, oxygen quantity changes in muscle and blood lactate concentration) was evaluated as dependent variables. IT-1 consisted of three series of ten 30 meters shuttle sprints (15 + 15 m) with a change of direction of 180°, intercepted by 30 s of passive recovery. IT-2 consisted of three series of twenty 15 meters sprints, intercepted by 15 s of passive recovery. Research revealed that during different modes of interval training, influenced not only by the length of the running distance but also by the change of direction, different average running speed prevailed. During both modes of interval training, fatigue index suffered by basketball players was significantly different. Insignificant differences of oxygenation between interval trainings shows that activity of aerobic reactions is not related to the type of training. The changes of heart rate confirms this trend, but significant increase in both trainings shows fatigue of parasympathetic nervous system. Study showed that during different modes of interval training, the activity of anaerobic reactions is different. Although there was a slower running speed, longer work duration and lower fatigue index in IT-1, blood lactate concentration after training was higher by 4.49 mmol/l (p < 0.001) than IT-2. This allows to assume that part of the aerobic reactions are related to the elimination of metabolites and reimbursement of energy supplies in working muscles. Keywords: running speed, fatigue index, heart rate, blood lactate.