Abstract
In Austria due to the cultivation of grain maize, corn silage, green corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, soybeans, potatoes and vineyards about 450.000 hectares are seen as potential risk of erosion. For this reason the cause of soil erosion and the possibilities for reduction and prevention have been investigated. From 1994 to 2004 eight different tillage systems were tested at three locations in Lower Austria. Five tillage systems were tested in Tulln - located 30 km from Vienna. The systems included conventional tillage with plough as well as mulch and direct drilling with cover crops in autumn. No till and ridge tillage also were tested. The Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management of the University of Natural Resources and Applied Science Vienna (Prof. Dr. A. Klik) measured surface runoff, soil loss, nitrogen, phosphorus and herbicide loss, Mycotoxins were analysed in Tulln. Between 1994 and 2004 the average soil loss at the three locations dropped from 16.2 t/ha/year (conventional tillage) to 4.2 t/ha/year with conservation tillage in cover crops, and to 2.2 t/ha/year with direct drilling systems. Nitrogen and Phosphorus losses showed similar tendencies. Herbicide loss declined 1.9% of the application rate in conventional tillage; 1.2% in conservation tillage and 0.5% in direct drilling systems.
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