Abstract
Knowledge integration is well explained by the human–organization–technology (HOT) approach known from knowledge management. This approach contains the horizontal and vertical interaction and communication between employees, human-to-machine, but also machine-to-machine. Different organizational structures and processes are supported with the help of appropriate technologies and suitable data processing and integration techniques. In a Smart Factory, manufacturing systems act largely autonomously on the basis of continuously collected data. The technical design concerns the networking of machines, their connectivity and the interaction between human and machine as well as machine-to-machine. Within a Smart Factory, machines can be considered as intelligent manufacturing systems. Such manufacturing systems can autonomously adapt to events through the ability to intelligently analyze data and act as adaptive manufacturing systems that consider changes in production, the supply chain and customer requirements. Inter-connected physical devices, sensors, actuators, and controllers form the building block of the Smart Factory, which is called the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT uses different data processing solutions, such as cloud computing, fog computing, or edge computing, to fuse and process data. This is accomplished in an integrated and cross-device manner.
Highlights
In the wake of the Industry 4.0 development, the concept of Smart Factories and related technologies such as Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS) or the application of Internet of Things (IoT) in an industrial context emerged in the span of just ten years
This shift has to be considered with the help of concepts known from the disciplines of data analytics, knowledge management (KM) and knowledge integration, machine learning and artificial intelligence
Different aspects of the Smart Factory environment and its architecture as well as the building blocks such as the Internet-of-Things (IoT), Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS) and Cyber–Physical Production Systems (CPPS) were explained and set into context
Summary
In the wake of the Industry 4.0 development, the concept of Smart Factories and related technologies such as Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS) or the application of Internet of Things (IoT) in an industrial context emerged in the span of just ten years. The overall question this work tries to answer is “How do Industry 4.0 environments or Smart Factory plants of the future look like and what role does data and knowledge play in this development?” Tao et al, (2019), referencing Zhong et al (2017) [4], summarize that “Manufacturing is shifting from knowledge-based intelligent manufacturing to data-driven and knowledge-enabled smart manufacturing, in which the term “smart” refers to the creation and use of data” [9] This shift has to be considered with the help of concepts known from the disciplines of data analytics, knowledge management (KM) and knowledge integration, machine learning and artificial intelligence. The different aspects of a Smart Factory including computing, analytics and knowledge integration perspectives will be discussed in more detail
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