Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding the Inappropriate Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors Among Students of Umm Al-Qura University in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Listen

Translate article

Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed to manage various upper gastrointestinal conditions such as dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and peptic ulcer disease. However, concerns are increasing regarding their excessive and inappropriate use, particularly in cases where there is no clear medical indication. Inappropriate use can lead to unnecessary side effects and complications, emphasizing the need for better awareness of appropriate PPI use. Objectives This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, regarding the inappropriate use of PPIs, highlighting the necessity of targeted educational interventions to improve awareness and promote safe PPI practices. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 534 UQU students, aged 18-30, from both health-related and non-health-related majors. Participants were selected through convenience sampling, with the questionnaire distributed via Google Forms across various channels. Data were prepared using Microsoft Excel and analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, V. 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results The survey revealed a significant lack of awareness about the potential side effects of PPIs, with 48.1% of participants (n=247) exhibiting low awareness, 30.9% (n=165) demonstrating high awareness, and 21% (n=112) showing moderate understanding. A chi-squared test confirmed that this awareness distribution significantly differed from what was expected, χ²(2, n=534)=60.48, p<0.001. In terms of behavior, 70.4% of participants adhered to good practices regarding PPI use, following appropriate guidelines such as using PPIs only when prescribed, following the correct dosage, and avoiding self-medication. Additionally, 21.3% (n=114) displayed moderate behavior, and 8.2% demonstrated poor behavior by engaging in practices such as using PPIs without medical supervision or not adhering to the recommended dosage and duration. A chi-squared test indicated significant differences in the behavior distribution, χ²(2, n=534)=344.14, p<0.001. Conclusion While most respondents displayed good behavior regarding PPI usage, there remains a significant gap in knowledge and attitudes. Addressing these gaps through targeted educational interventions, such as workshops, e-learning modules, and awareness campaigns, could promote the safe and effective use of PPIs among students in Saudi Arabia. The next steps would involve implementing these programs in collaboration with healthcare professionals and university departments, with effectiveness measured through follow-up surveys, behavior assessments, and analysis of PPI usage trends over time.