Klotho G395A variants are associated with T2DM and diabetic nephropathy and influence on the levels of biochemical parameters

Abstract

AimsThe current study aimed to investigate the association between klotho G395A (rs1207568) polymorphism with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complication of nephropathy in relation to biochemical and hematological parameters in the Kurdish population of Iraq. MethodsIn a case-control study, 310 individuals aged 45–65 years, (157 males and 153 females), were recruited from AL-Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq. Patients with T2DM were categorized into three groups of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, and normoalbuminuria. Also, 105 healthy individuals as controls were studied. In another category, individuals were considered as two groups of with and without nephropathy. Biochemical parameters were analyzed by colorimetric enzymatic assay. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-with confronting two-pair primers (CTTP) method was used to detect the klotho G395A polymorphism. ResultsVitamin D level was significantly lower in all T2DM patients (with and without nephropathy) compared to the controls. The klotho GA genotype increased the risk of T2DM by 2.2 times (95%CI 1.3–4.0; P = 0.007) and the klotho AA genotype increased the risk of diabetic nephropathy by 2.72-fold (95%CI 1.18–6.25, P = 0.019) and enhanced the risk of macroalbuminuria by 3.74-fold (95 % 1.43–9.7, p = 0.007). ConclusionThe present study found significantly lower levels of vitamin D in T2DM compared to the controls. We detected an association between increased risk of T2DM and diabetic nephropathy with the klotho G395A polymorphism and the influence of this polymorphism on the levels of some biochemical parameters in women.