Abstract
Utilization of kitchen waste, the major portion of municipal solid waste for the coproduction of multiple carbohydrases and bioethanol was investigated in this study. Solid-state fermentation was performed to evaluate the potential of various steam pretreated kitchen waste residues as substrates for the coproduction of cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, pectinolytic, amylolytic enzymes by a locally isolated strain of Aspergillus niger CJ-5. All the kitchen waste residues simply moistened with water, without the supplementation of exogenous nutrients proved good for the induction of all the enzyme components of a cocktail after 96 h incubation. Of all the substrates evaluated, steam pretreated potato peels induced maximum yields corresponding to 69.0±1.92U CMCase, 16.5±0.54U FPase, 44.0±1.28U β-glucosidase, 999.0±28.90U xylanase, 58.2±2.12U mannanase, 120.0±3.72U pectinase, 31520.0±375.78U α-amylase, 482.8±9.82U glucoamylase/g dry substrate (gds). Saccharification of residues using inhouse produced crude enzyme cocktail resulted in the release of 610±10.56, 570±8.89, 435±6.54, 475±4.56, 445±4.27, 385±4.49, 370±6.89, 490±10.45 mg of total reducing sugars/g of dried potato peels, orange peels, pineapple peels, mausami peels, onion peels, banana stalks, pea pods and composite mixture respectively revealing carbohydrate conversion efficiencies in the range of 97.0-99.4%. After fermentation of released hexoses, alcohol yields ranging from 80±1.069 - 262±7.86 µL/gds were obtained.
Highlights
Energy and environmental issues are among the major concerns facing the global community today
The present study has revealed various kitchen waste residues as valuable substrates for the coproduction of multiple carbohydrases and bioethanol generation
The ability of a single microbial strain belonging to Aspergillus niger CJ-5 in the production of a cocktail of cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectin and starch degrading enzymes on various kitchen waste residues without any supplementation of exogenous nutrients imparts novelty to the work
Summary
Energy and environmental issues are among the major concerns facing the global community today. Major research emphasis was given for the development of petroleum, coal and natural gas based refinery to exploit the cheaply available fossil feed stock. These natural energy resources are being utilized at a rapid rate and not regarded sustainable. Continuous efforts have to be emphasized towards the solution of the energy supply depletion problem and the environmental impacts caused by the human activities Biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel and biohydrogen have been recognized as the potential alternatives to petroleum-derived transportation fuels as they can be utilized as such with little change to current technologies and have significant potential to improve sustainability. Many problems including food security and land substitution are brought up with the increasing demand for the first
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