Abstract
The increase in human population which prompted the need for the construction of industries has led to indiscriminate discharge of industrial effluent by these industries into our environment. This discharges most times contain heavy metal which adversely affected the ecosystem. This research evaluates the adsorption behaviour of activated carbon prepared from Hyphaenethebaica nut shells treated with K2CO3 for the treatment of heavy metal contaminated water. The characterization was carried out using FTIR and SEM. The batch adsorption technique was employed and the optimum adsorption was observed at adsorbent dose of 0.6g, initial concentration of 60 ppm, temperature of 60℃. and at contact time of 30 minutes. Optimum adsorption pH for the Heavy Metal adsorption was found to be 2. The adsorption isotherms indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model showed a better correlation (R2 ≥ 0.9) for the Heavy Metals compared to Freundlich and Temkin isotherm model. The Pseudo second order adsorption model best described the adsorption kinetics of the Heavy Metals on the adsorbent. The value for the experimental adsorption capacity for Cu2+, Pb2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+ are 3.83, 4.27, 3.92 and 3.15 respectively corresponded to the calculated adsorption capacity for the pseudo-second-order model for the heavy metals Cu2+,Pb2+,Fe2+ and Zn2+ calculated as 3.61, 3.71, 2.99 and 2.13 respectively and were closer to the experimental adsorption capacity than the calculated adsorption capacity for the pseudo-first-order model. The correlation coefficient, R2 values for the pseudo-second-order adsorption model for the heavy metals Cu2+,Pb2+,Fe2+ and Zn2+ are 0.39, 0.66.0.51 and 0.33 respectively. The ∆H° for the heavy metals Cu2+,Pb2+,Fe2+ and Zn2+ with positive values of 24.99, 25.09,24.53 and 25.00 indicates that the adsorption was endothermic and and the ∆S for the heavy metals Cu2+,Pb2+,Fe2+ and Zn2+ with values of 79.70, 80.16,78.66 and 79.79 expresses the affinity of the adsorbent for the heavy metal ions in the adsorbate. The negative values of the ∆G° indicated that the adsorption of heavy metal is spontaneous at the temperature under investigation. Thus, activated carbon from K2CO3 treated Hyphaenethebaica nut shells could therefore be used effectively for the remediation of heavy metals from industrial waste water
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