Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of palladium by whole kinetic curve and a fixed time method using resazurine sulfide reaction

Abstract

The univariate and multivariate calibration methods were applied for the determination of trace amounts of palladium based on the catalytic effect on the reaction between resazurine and sulfide. The decrease in absorbance of resazurine at 602 nm over a fixed time is proportional to the concentration of palladium over the range of 10.0–160.0 ng mL −1. The calibration matrix for partial least squares (PLS) regression was designed with 14 samples. Orthogonal signal correction (OSC) is a preprocessing technique used for removing the information unrelated to the target variables based on constrained principal component analysis. OSC is a suitable preprocessing method for PLS calibration without loss of prediction ability using spectrophotometric method. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for palladium determination with fixed-time, PLS and OSC–PLS were 3.71, 2.84 and 0.68, respectively. This procedure allows the determination of palladium in synthetic and real samples with good reliability of the determination.