Abstract
In the present work, mechanistic pathways and kinetics of catalytic dehydration of ethanol were investigated in a closed batch reactor for the formation of diethyl ether, and ethylene over the synthesized NiO loaded HZSM-5 in the range of 160–240 °C. The effect of the presence of water on reaction performance was also evaluated. No significant negative impact of water over diethyl ether yield was observed up to 1:1 ethanol–water molar ratio. The proposed two-step kinetic model highlights the mechanistically essential comparison between the strong (Bronsted) and weak (Lewis) acid sites of catalyst for ethanol conversion to diethyl ether. Intramolecular dehydration of ethanol over strong acid sites led to ethylene formation. Enhancement of weak acid sites due to NiO loading over HZSM-5 led to interestingly higher yields of diethyl ether by a combination of ethylene and ethanol. Optimal consideration for maximum conversions was observed with high reusability. Graphical abstract for ethanol dehydration on Ni-HZSM-5 catalyst.
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