Abstract
Hybrid vaccines have been investigated in clinical and experimental studies once expresses total antigens of a tumor cell combined with the ability of a dendritic cell (DC) to stimulate immune responses. However, the response triggered by these vaccines is often weak, requiring the use of adjuvants to increase vaccine immunogenicity. Killed Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) exerts immunomodulatory effects by increasing the phagocytic and tumoricidal activities of macrophages, promoting DC maturation, inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines production and increasing the humoral response to different antigens. Here, we evaluated the effect of P. acnes on a specific antitumor immune response elicited by a hybrid vaccine in a mouse melanoma model. Hybrid vaccine associated with P. acnes increased the absolute number of memory T cells, the IFN-γ secretion by these cells and the IgG-specific titers to B16F10 antigens, polarizing the immune response to a T helper 1 pattern. Furthermore, the addition of P. acnes to a hybrid vaccine increased the cytotoxic activity of splenocytes toward B16F10 in vitro and avoided late tumor progression in a pulmonary colonization model. These results revealed the adjuvant effect of a killed P. acnes suspension, as it improved specific humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by DC-tumor cell hybrid vaccines.
Highlights
Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that process and express tumor antigens using the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules, playing a central role in the induction of T cell immunity
Hybrid vaccination induced a specific antibody response against melanoma antigens The hybrid vaccine induced the synthesis of low levels of IgG specific to melanoma antigens, including isotypes IgG1 and IgG2c
The IgG1/IgG2c ratio was calculated to analyze the balance between T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 patterns
Summary
Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that process and express tumor antigens using the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules, playing a central role in the induction of T cell immunity. DC vaccines are an important cancer immunotherapy strategy that elicits direct immune responses and activates naïve lymphocytes to target specific tumor antigens. The adjuvant effect of P. acnes on a hybrid vaccine prevents melanoma growth collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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