Abstract
Overall prevalence of kidney stones is increasing as more stones are found incidentally on CT and risk factors for stone disease (eg, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus) become more prevalent. Etiology of nephrolithiasis varies with stone type and depends on genetic, dietary, medication, lifestyle, and metabolic factors. Diagnostic evaluation of stone formers includes thorough history and physical, imaging, blood work, urinalysis, 24-hour urine collection and analysis of stone fragments when possible. Medical management of stone disease includes increased hydration and dietary changes and/or pharmacologic therapy corresponding to an individual patient’s metabolic derangements. Surgical treatment options for stone disease include shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
