Abstract
The rapid growth of obesity worldwide has made it a major health problem, while the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity has had a significant impact on the magnitude of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in developing countries. A vast amount of researchers have reported a strong relationship between obesity and chronic kidney disease, and obesity can serve as an independent risk factor for kidney disease. The histological changes of kidneys in obesity-induced renal injury include glomerular or tubular hypertrophy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or bulbous sclerosis. Furthermore, inflammation, renal hemodynamic changes, insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders are all involved in the development and progression of obesity-induced nephropathy. However, there is no targeted treatment for obesity-related kidney disease. In this review, RAS inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors and melatonin would be presented to treat obesity-induced kidney injury. Furthermore, we concluded that melatonin can protect the kidney damage caused by obesity by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, revealing its therapeutic potential.
Highlights
Obesity is prevalent in the context of the world, especially in developed countries where the obese population continues to increase [1]
The CD36 pathway is involved in the uptake of free fatty acids and oxidized low-density lipoproteins, and its addition assists in mitigating lipotoxicity and proximal tubular and podocyte injury, while the ablation of CD36 attenuates renal injury [95]
Kidney damages caused by obesity include glomerular hypertrophy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, renal tubular hypertrophy, renal tubular interstitial inflammation and fibrosis
Summary
Obesity is prevalent in the context of the world, especially in developed countries where the obese population continues to increase [1]. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is associated with an increased incidence rate, mortality and shortened life expectancy, and the main risk factors for many chronic diseases, including type-2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease [7,8,9]. The rates of obesity have risen sharply in developing countries such as China and have had a major impact on the patterns of CKD [12].
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