Abstract
The objectives of this study were to study and compare the musical forms of Khaen (bamboo free-reed mouthorgan) played in The Lao People's Democratic Republic and Thailand. The comparison of musical forms of Khaen in the rites between Nang Thiam (the representative spirit) ceremony in Laos and Lam Song (the representative spirit) ceremony in Thailand were the same sound modes: Lai Thang Sun (medium tone to high tone: delighted rhythm) and Lai Thang Yao (medium tone to low tone: sad rhythm). There was a similarity in blowing, tonguing, and fingering; for instance, used wind from blowing, tongue, and fingers to shift volume, accelerate rhythm, and chorus.
Highlights
Khaen is one of the oldest musical instruments in the world
It was found that healing ceremonies with Lam Song in Thailand and Nang Thiam in Laos are to mentally treat the patients who are hopeless from their previous traditional treatments and any other kinds of treatments
Khaens in Lao PDR used in ceremonies are consisted of 2 modes; Lai Thang San (Short Way Melody), means the mode has quite high tone giving a fun and exciting feeling, and Lai Thang Yao (Long Way Melody), means the mode that has medium to quite low tone giving a sad feeling, if playing with a faster rhythm, it will give a fun feeling as well
Summary
Khaen is one of the oldest musical instruments in the world. There are same sound systems and similar shape of Khaen played in the Lao PDR and the northeast of Thailand due to the long lasting cultural exchanges between both countries. Khaen is considered as one of the Mor Lam (singing) culture’s musical instruments (Chonphairot, 1993). Khaen is a musical instrument that can make melody and drone. It was said in Laos that if one was born as a man and he could neither play Khaen nor ordain as a monk, he was not a perfect man. (Saisuwan, 2010) Lao Khaen is a musical instrument that plays significant role in entertainment, ceremony, and belief. The sound of Khaen goes along well with the accent and language used more than any other instruments. (Nettawong, 2002)
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