Key Research Areas of Ecological and Environmental Science & Technology

Abstract

In Outlined Plan for China’s Mid-to long-term Science and Technology Development (2006–2020) published in 2006, environment was listed as the third among the 11 key areas, manifesting the state’s emphasis on ecological protection and environmental construction. There are 4 prior themes in environmental area, including: (1) Comprehensive pollution control and waste recycling. Mainly focus on developing monitoring and early warning technology of regional environmental quality; make breakthrough on key technologies such as air pollution control of urban agglomeration and so on; develope non-conventional pollutant control technology, waste resource utilization technology, and the clean production integrated technology of heavy pollution industries; establish and develope the technological demonstration mode of circular economy. (2) Restoration and reconstruction of ecosystem function in ecologically fragile regions. Focus on developing a series of technologies, including developing dynamic monitoring technology, grassland degradation and rodent control technology, restoration and reconstruction technology of degraded ecosystem in the typical ecologically fragile regions, such as karst region, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River and Yellow River, the Loess Plateau, desert and desertification areas, agriculture and animal husbandry ecotone and mineral mining area, developing ecological protection and restoration technology around the major projects like the Th ree Gorges Project, the Qinghai-Tibet railway line and the complex mining area. Establish the technical supporting models of ecosystem function restoration and continuous improvement of different types of ecosystems, and build a comprehensive and technical assessment system of ecosystem. (3) Protection of marine ecology and environment. Focus on developing marine ecological and environmental monitoring technology and equipment; strengthening technological research on marine ecological and environmental protection; developing coastal water ecological and environmental protection and restoration, marine emergency treatment technology; and developing high precision ocean dynamic environment numerical forecasting technique. (4) Monitoring and countermeasures of global environmental change. Focus on researching and developing accurate monitoring technology of largescale environmental change; developing the emission control, deposition and utilization technology of greenhouse gas, such as carbon dioxide and methane in main industries; developing bio-carbon fixation technology and carbon fixation engineering technology; and carrying out countermeasure research on climate change, biodiversity protection, ozone layer protection and persistent organic pollutants control.