Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are a large and important family of plant secondary metabolites. The biosynthetic pathway of phenylpropanoids is induced in plants under environmental stresses to cope with these harmful conditions. In the present study, for the first time, we identified and characterized one reference gene (ACTIN) and three key biosynthetic genes (4CL, C4H and CVOMT) in the Iranian red and green cultivars of sweet basil. Also, the expression patterns of 4CL, C4H and CVOMT biosynthetic genes were determined for the first time in the Iranian red and green cultivars of sweet basil under cold, drought, heat, light and salt stresses. The results showed that the ACTIN, 4CL, C4H and CVOMT genes identified in the Iranian cultivars are identical to other cultivars in terms of all characteristics such as ORF length, protein sequence length, molecular weight, functional domains, lack of signal peptide, subcellular localization site, and secondary structures. Our results also revealed that the 4CL, C4H and CVOMT biosynthetic genes have different expression in the Iranian red and green cultivars of sweet basil under abiotic stresses and their expression patterns are cultivar dependent. The findings of this study can advance our knowledge of phenylpropanoids biosynthesis in plants under environmental stresses. These findings also can be used in plant breeding programs for stress tolerance in sweet basil and other plants.
Highlights
The medicinal plants produce a wide range of valuable therapeutic and industrial secondary metabolites (Saxena et al 2013; Van Wyk and Wink 2018)
The expression patterns of 4coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and chavicol O-methyltransferase (CVOMT) biosynthetic genes were determined for the first time in the Iranian red and green cultivars of sweet basil under cold, drought, heat, light and salt stresses
The results showed that the ACTIN, 4CL, C4H and CVOMT genes identified in the Iranian cultivars are identical to other cultivars in terms of all characteristics such as open reading frames (ORFs) length, protein sequence length, molecular weight, functional domains, lack of signal peptide, subcellular localization site, and secondary structures
Summary
The medicinal plants produce a wide range of valuable therapeutic and industrial secondary metabolites (Saxena et al 2013; Van Wyk and Wink 2018). The members of genus Ocimum are very valuable for their therapeutic compounds and they contain various secondary metabolites with medicinal properties (Miraj and Kiani 2016; Purushothaman et al 2018). Among 150 species of the genus Ocimum, secondary metabolites of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) are the most widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries and this plant is the major essential oil-producing crop which is cultivated commercially all over the world (Nerio et al 2010; Bilal et al 2012; Miraj and Kiani 2016; Purushothaman et al 2018). Different chemotypes the red and green sweet basil contain various phenylpropanoid content and some of them are rich in specific phenylpropanoids (Beatovic et al 2015; Bilal et al 2012; Simon et al 1990)
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