Abstract
Ensuring a seamless connection during the mobility of various User Equipments (UEs) will be one of the major challenges facing the practical implementation of the Fifth Generation (5G) networks and beyond. Several key determinants will significantly contribute to numerous mobility challenges. One of the most important determinants is the use of millimeter waves (mm-waves) as it is characterized by high path loss. The inclusion of various types of small coverage Base Stations (BSs), such as Picocell, Femtocell and drone-based BSs is another challenge. Other issues include the use of Dual Connectivity (DC), Carrier Aggregation (CA), the massive growth of mobiles connections, network diversity, the emergence of connected drones (as BS or UE), ultra-dense network, inefficient optimization processes, central optimization operations, partial optimization, complex relation in optimization operations, and the use of inefficient handover decision algorithms. The relationship between these processes and diverse wireless technologies can cause growing concerns in relation to handover associated with mobility. The risk becomes critical with high mobility speed scenarios. Therefore, mobility issues and their determinants must be efficiently addressed. This paper aims to provide an overview of mobility management in 5G networks. The work examines key factors that will significantly contribute to the increase of mobility issues. Furthermore, the innovative, advanced, efficient, and smart handover techniques that have been introduced in 5G networks are discussed. The study also highlights the main challenges facing UEs' mobility as well as future research directions on mobility management in 5G networks and beyond.
Highlights
Practical implementation has begun for the first phase of the Fifth Generation (5G) network at the global level, while plans for the second phase are currently in progress
The rest of this paper presents the following: Section II provides an overview on mobility; Section III presents and discusses key drivers of mobility challenges; Section IV provides a brief description of advanced mobility solutions; Section V discusses mobility challenges and future trends in 5G networks; and Section VI presents the paper’s conclusion
The main key factors include the use of mm-wave bands, Dual Connectivity (DC), Carrier Aggregation (CA), the massive growth of mobile communication & devices, increase in the network diversity, the emergence of drones as User Equipments (UEs)/Base Stations (BSs) in the sky, ultra-dense networks, inefficient optimization process, central optimization operation, partial optimization, complex relation in optimization operation, and the inefficient handover procedures that are inherent based on the current design and algorithms
Summary
Practical implementation has begun for the first phase of the Fifth Generation (5G) network at the global level, while plans for the second phase (mm-wave 5G) are currently in progress. 5G technology based on mm-wave bands will provide several solutions and features, numerous issues related to mobility management have emerged. This will lead to the structuring of ultra-dense systems in future networks These determinants will significantly contribute to the increase of the unbalancing load and handover probability. An overview of challenges and practical issues to be addressed in 5G networks is provided We hope that this critical review may lead researchers to innovate, design, and formulate efficient and smart handover techniques that can manage handover optimization, handover decisions, dual handover, and seamless handover procedures for 5G networks and beyond. The rest of this paper presents the following: Section II provides an overview on mobility; Section III presents and discusses key drivers of mobility challenges; Section IV provides a brief description of advanced mobility solutions; Section V discusses mobility challenges and future trends in 5G networks; and Section VI presents the paper’s conclusion
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