Abstract
Keratoconus is a bilateral, asymmetric, progressive disease of the cornea which can lead to visual impairment and blindness as irregular astigmatism increases and corneal scar occurs. Currently, many methods are available for a treatment of keratoconus. The treatment can help enhance visual rehabilitation and prevent progression in keratoconus patients. The treatment options included non-surgical and surgical managements. This review offers a summary of the current and emerging treatment options for keratoconus- eyeglasses, contact lens, corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL), CXL Plus, intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS), Corneal Allogenic Intrastromal Ring Segments (CAIRS), Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK), Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK), Bowman layer transplantation (BL transplantation) and gene therapy.
Highlights
Keratoconus is a bilateral, asymmetric, progressive ectatic disease of the cornea characterized by progressive corneal thinning which can lead to visual impairment and blindness as corneal protrusion progresses, irregular astigmatism increases and corneal scar occurs [1]
Other alternate classification systems are growing in number such as Shabayek-Alio system which is based on corneal higher aberrations and the keratoconus severity score (KSS) which considers average corneal power and root mean square (RMS) [19, 20]
A contact lens type is selected based on the manifest refraction and the degree of keratoconus
Summary
Keratoconus is a bilateral, asymmetric, progressive ectatic disease of the cornea characterized by progressive corneal thinning which can lead to visual impairment and blindness as corneal protrusion progresses, irregular astigmatism increases and corneal scar occurs [1]. The exact pathological mechanism remains unknown, but both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to development and progression of this disease [2]. Bowman’s membrane breakage occurs later together with epithelial abnormality resulting in proteolytic enzymes release that weakens corneal stromal collagen and stromal thinning [3]. The reported prevalence of keratoconus varies between countries and ethnicities, in which Asian is higher than Caucasian about 4.4 to 7.5 times [4, 5]. The prevalence may be higher in tertiary eye care center or refractive. Genetic predisposition accounts for an increased risk of keratoconus in patient that has a positive family history about 15 to 67 times [11]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
