Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a major medical problem. To solve it, researchers around the world have turned their attention to the use of tissue-engineered products to aid in skin regeneration in case of acute and chronic wounds. One of the primary goals of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to develop a matrix or scaffold system that mimics the structure and function of native tissue. Keratin biomaterials derived from wool, hair, and bristle have been the subjects of active research in the context of tissue regeneration for over a decade. Keratin derivatives, which can be either soluble or insoluble, are utilized as wound dressings since keratins are dynamically up-regulated and needed in skin wound healing. Tissue biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical durability, and natural abundance are only a few of the keratin biomaterials’ properties, making them excellent wound dressing materials to treat acute and chronic wounds. Several experimental and pre-clinical studies described the beneficial effects of the keratin-based wound dressing in faster wound healing. This review focuses exclusively on the biomedical application of a different type of keratin biomaterials as a wound dressing in pre-clinical and clinical conditions.
Highlights
Keratin biomaterials have been in use for decades, yet they are seemingly new to the field
Keratins are the intermediate-filament-formKeratins are responsible for the organized proliferation of the keratinocytes and ing proteins expressed in epithelial cells and can be divided into two groups: keratins type maintaining their integrity in the epithelium
They showed that the zone of inhibition was higher for S. aureus compared with E. coli (11 mm vs. 9.5 mm), which indicates that the obtained keratin nanoparticles can be effective against infections caused by bacteria
Summary
Keratin biomaterials have been in use for decades, yet they are seemingly new to the field. Keratin is a global class of biological material, which represents a group of cysteinerich filament-forming proteins [1,2] It is the major component of hair, wool, hooves, nails, feathers, and horns are one of the most abundant and underexploited protein sources [3]. Keratin materials have been extensively used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine owing to their biological function, structural support, excellent biocompatibility, and favorable biodegradability characteristics These properties allow scientists to create a new type of wound dressing that can enhance the healing process especially in chronic. These properties allow scientists to create a new type of wound dressing that can enhance the healing process especially in chronic non-healing wounds [6,7,8,9,10].
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