Keragaman Genetik Kultivar Padi Beras Hitam Lokal Berdasarkan Penanda Mikrosatelit

Abstract

<p>Indonesia has diverse<br />accessions of local black rice, which are important sources<br />of germplasm. However, some of the local black rice<br />cultivars have different names, leading a need to be<br />identified to determine their genetic diversity using<br />molecular marker. This study aimed to identify genetic<br />diversity of eleven cultivars of local black rice, collection of<br />the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology,<br />Yogyakarta and compared them with two white rice<br />varieties using four microsatellite markers. Detection of<br />microsatellite alleles polymorphism was carried out by<br />visualization of PCR amplicons by electrophoresis on<br />agarose gel. To estimate their genetic diversity, phylogenetic<br />tree and principal coordinate analysis were performed using<br />binary data of SSR alleles. The results revealed that total<br />markers enabled to differentiate black rice cultivars as<br />reflected by high value of polymorphic information content<br />(PIC) mean (0.695). This value was consistent with the high<br />genetic diversity of black rice (genetic diversity index, h =<br />0.283) in comparison with white rice cultivars (h = 0.020).<br />The phylogenetic and main coordinate analyses suggested<br />that black rice cultivars genetically differed from white rice.<br />The local black rice cultivars were preferentially grouped<br />based on their genetic those were distributed in three<br />coordinates and did not represent their local geographic<br />origin. Genetic diversity analysis in this study will be useful<br />as an initial basis for proper identification and selection for<br />appropriate parents to assist breeding program of black rice<br />in Indonesia.</p>