Abstract
De populatie in het wild levende witte en zwarte neushoorns neemt drastisch af, hoofdzakelijk ten gevolge van stroperij en het verlies van de natuurlijke habitat. Geassisteerde voorplanting kan dienen om waardevolle bloedlijnen te behouden en om neushoorns te kweken met als doel de soort in stand te houden en eventueel zelfs terug in het wild te introduceren. Omdat neushoorns moeilijk te benaderen en te onderzoeken zijn, is er nog relatief weinig bekend over de natuurlijke en kunstmatige voortplanting. De neushoorn behoort tot de onevenhoevigen (Perissodactyla), waartoe ook het paard en de tapir behoren. Zodoende kan het paard wellicht het best als model dienen voor het bestuderen van de karakteristieken van de voortplanting en geassisteerde voortplantingstechnieken bij de neushoorn. In dit overzichtsartikel wordt de huidige stand van zaken weergegeven.
Highlights
Over the last decade, assisted reproduction and captive breeding have become more important for wildlife conservation
Since the rhinoceros belongs to the odd-toed ungulates (Perissodactyls) group, like the horse and the tapir, the horse has been proposed as a suitable model to study reproduction and artificial reproductive techniques in the rhinoceros
The rhinoceros belongs to the Perissodactyls group or odd-toed animals, which is an order of large herbivores that may be subdivided in the suborder of Hippomorpha, to which the Equidae belong, and a common clade for the families of the tapirs (Tapiridae) and rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae). The latter consists of five species: the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), with its four subspecies, of which the D. b. longipes or Western black rhinoceros is considered to be extinct, and the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), with its two subspecies, which live in Africa, and the Indian (Rhinoceros unicornis), Javan (Rhinoceros sondaicus) and Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), which live in Asia
Summary
Over the last decade, assisted reproduction and captive breeding have become more important for wildlife conservation. The rhinoceros belongs to the Perissodactyls group or odd-toed animals, which is an order of large herbivores that may be subdivided in the suborder of Hippomorpha, to which the Equidae belong (including the horse, donkey and zebra), and a common clade for the families of the tapirs (Tapiridae) and rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae) The latter consists of five species: the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), with its four subspecies, of which the D. b. Longipes or Western black rhinoceros is considered to be extinct, and the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), with its two subspecies, which live in Africa, and the Indian (Rhinoceros unicornis), Javan (Rhinoceros sondaicus) and Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), which live in Asia They differ in population numbers and level of endangerment, with some being listed as critically endangered (black, Javan, Sumatran rhinoceros) to vulnerable (Indian) and some being listed as near-threatened (white) (List, 2013). An overview is given of the current information available on the reproduction and assisted reproduction techniques in the white and black rhinoceros and, if applicable, a comparison with the available knowledge of equine reproduction is provided
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