Abstract
Oil palm plantations bordering forests were thought to affect the biotic components that make up the diversity of ecosystems, especially species with high mobilization and adaptability, such as spiders. This study aims to identify spiders found in oil palm plantations and analyzing diversity and evenness at various distances of oil palm plantations from the forest. Observations of spiders were carried out on oil palm plantations bordered by forests in Nagari Gunung Selasih and Sungai Kambut, Pulau Punjung District, Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. In oil palm plantations, a one km long transect line was made from the forest edge. In the sample plots, spiders were observed using a pitfall trap, knockdown, and hand collecting. Data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness index. The highest spider species diversity index was found at a distance of 100–300 m from the forest, respectively 3.06, 3.05, and 3.11. The same is true for the highest evenness index at a distance of 100–300 m from the forest, respectively, namely 0.94, 0.94, and 0.95. In general, the results of this study indicate that the presence of forest bordering the forest is thought to affect spiders in oil palm plantations.
Highlights
Asih et al.: Keanekaragaman laba-laba pada perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berbatasan dengan hutan at a distance of 100–300 m from the forest, respectively 3.06, 3.05, and 3.11
Oil palm plantations bordering forests were thought to affect the biotic components that make up the diversity of ecosystems, especially species with high mobilization and adaptability, such as spiders
This study aims to identify spiders found in oil palm plantations and analyzing diversity and evenness at various distances of oil palm plantations from the forest
Summary
Keberadaan hutan disekitar perkebunan kelapa sawit akan mempengaruhi komponen biotik penyusun keanekaragaman di perkebunan kelapa sawit terutama spesies yang memiliki mobilisasi dan daya adaptasi tinggi, seperti laba-laba. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi laba-laba yang terdapat pada perkebunan kelapa sawit dan menganalisis keanekaragaman dan kemerataan pada beberapa jarak perkebunan kelapa sawit dari hutan. Pengamatan laba-laba dilakukan pada perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berbatas dengan hutan yang terdapat di Nagari Gunung Selasih dan Sungai Kambut, Kecamatan Pulau Punjung, Kabupaten Dharmasraya, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Pada perkebunan kelapa sawit dibuat garis transek sepanjang 1 km dari pinggir hutan. Pada penelitian ini dikoleksi laba-laba sebanyak 68 spesies, 15 famili, dan 414 individu. Indeks keanekaragaman spesies laba-laba tertinggi terdapat pada jarak 100–300 m dari hutan berturut-turut, yakni 3,06; 3,05; dan 3,11. Hal yang sama juga untuk indeks kemerataan tertinggi terdapat pada jarak 100–300 m dari hutan berturut-turut, yakni 0,94; 0,94; dan 0,95. Secara umum hasil penelitian ini memberikan indikasi keberadaan hutan berbatasan hutan diduga berpengaruh terhadap laba-laba pada perkebunan kelapa sawit
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