Abstract
The karyotype and other chromosomal characteristics the crucian carp (Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758)) were revealed by means of conventional banding protocols (C, CMA3, AgNOR). The diploid chromosome number (2n) in this species was 100. Its karyotype was composed of 10 pairs of metacentric, 18 pairs of submetacentric and 22 pairs of subtelo- to acrocentric chromosomes without any microchromosomes. C-banding identified blocks of telomeric heterochromatin on seven chromosome pairs. The NORs were situated on the p arms of the 14th pair of submetacentric chromosomes and on the p arms of the 32nd pair of subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes; AgNOR-positive signals corresponded to the CMA3-positive signals. These chromosome characteristics may suggest a paleo-allotetraploid origin of Carassius carassius genome.
Highlights
The crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758), is a cyprinid fish that inhabits densely vegetated backwaters and oxbows of lowland rivers, shallow lakes and ponds
There is a number of factors that may have contributed to the disappearance of C. carassius, including habitat loss and degradation (Copp 1991, Holopainen and Ikari 1992, Wheeler 2000), displacement via competition with introduced species such as the polyploid biotype of the Prussian carp Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), the Amur sleeper Perccottus glenii (Dybowski, 1877), feral goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) and the common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) (Tarkan et al 2012, Litvinov and O’Gorman 1996, Copp et al 2005, Lusk et al 2010)
Sequential banding (DAPI + CMA3) revealed four CMA3-positive bands situated at the sites of the secondary constrictions on the p arms of the 14th pair of sm chromosomes and on the p arms of the 32nd pair of st-a chromosomes (Figs 2b, c, e, f )
Summary
The crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758), is a cyprinid fish that inhabits densely vegetated backwaters and oxbows of lowland rivers, shallow lakes and ponds. All species of Carassius Nilsson, 1832 present in Europe (Rylková et al 2013), including the crucian carp (C. carassius), Prussian carp (C. gibelio), ginbuna (Carassius langsdorfii Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) and goldfish (C. auratus) are often confused due to their morphological similarity (Hensel 1971, Kalous et al 2007). Such confusion may lead to inappropriate stocking of wrong species instead of intended support of a local endangered population of crucian carp with negative consequences (Sayer et al 2011)
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