Abstract
Karyotypes of ten sections of genus Trigonella Linnaeus, 1753 (Fabaceae) from Turkey were investigated. Somatic chromosome numbers of examined species were determined as 2n=14 and 16. The karyotype analyses of the species were carried out and somatic chromosome numbers of Trigonella plicata Boiss., 1872, Trigonella brachycarpa (Fisch.) Moris, 1833, Trigonella rostrata Boiss., 1872, Trigonella lunata Boiss., 1843, Trigonella isthmocarpa Boiss. et Balansa 1856, Trigonella rhytidocarpa Boiss. et Balansa, 1859, Trigonella spicata Sibth. et Sm., 1813, Trigonella cephalotes Boiss. et Balansa 1856, Trigonella capitata Boiss., 1843 and Trigonella gladiata Steven, 1808 were reported for the first time. Two pairs of satellite metaphase chromosomes were observed in Trigonella cariensis Boiss., 1843 and one pair in Trigonella lunata.Moreover, 2 B-chromosomes were found only in Trigonella procumbens Rchb., 1830 among all studied species. The aims of this study are to provide karyological data for a significant pool of the taxa, to show differences among them in the number, size and morphology of somatic chromosomes, to verify previous reports or represent numbers which are different from those cited previously.
Highlights
This study was carried out to analyse the karyotypes of 19 species, eight of which are endemic to Turkey, belonging to ten sections of the genus Trigonella in Turkey
Basic chromosome number variations In this karyological study, two different basic chromosome numbers of x=7 and x=8 were observed in the species belonging to ten sections of Trigonella
The smallest chromosome length is 0.43 μm measured in T. cephalotes while the biggest of that is 6.28 μm measured in T. cariensis
Summary
The genus Trigonella has 13 sections and 50 species in Turkey (Huber-Morath 1970). Trigonella species are localized in different phytogeographical regions in Turkey with 21 endemic species showing 42% endemism rate (Huber-Morath 1970, Martin et al 2008). Some studies conducted on the karyology of the Trigonella include approximately hundred species (Darlington and Wylie 1955, Tutin and Heywood 1964, Ghosh 1980, Astanova 1981, Agarwal and Gupta 1983, Ladizinsky and Vosa 1986, Danin and Small 1989, Bal 1990, Kumari and Bir 1990, Bidak and Amin 1996, Pavlova 1996, Yılmaz and 2006, Martin et al 2008). Some chemical, morphological and taxonomical studies were conducted on Trigonella species (Meusel and Jager 1962, Sırjaev 1935, Baum 1968, Small et al 1981, Small et al 1981, Classen 1982, Small 1988, Danin and Small 1989, Small and Jomphe 1989, Alhabori et al 1998, Sheoran et al 1999, Ram and Verma 2000, Murakami et al 2000, Oncina et al 2000, Sur et al 2001, Sabir et al 2002, Petropoulus et al 2002)
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