Abstract
SUMMARYBoth numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities were found in carcinomatous effusions. Large dispersion of the chromosome numbers around the mode, small percentage of modal cells, and karyotype instability, were characteristics of the malignant cells. In every tumor, however, the variations were made around a basic pattern (stemline karyotype), consistent with a clonal origin for all cells of the tumor. Both ordinary polyploidy and endoreduplication represented mechanisms responsible for the cell gigantism found in tumors. The absence of chromosomal abnormalities in benign effusions makes the cytogenetic analysis of sediments a valuable tool for the differential diagnosis of malignancy in cavitary effusions.
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