Abstract
This article examines the history of the Karaganda metallurgical plant construction. The authors emphasize that the issue of building large objects of heavy industry for the war effort became urgent during the Great Patriotic War. Due to the fact that Kazakhstan possessed large minerals reserves, in 1942 in the Karaganda region the People’s Commissariat of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR initiated the construction of a metallurgical plant for the production of iron, steel and rolled products. However, the start of the plant construction was delayed for several years. First of all, the delay was due to the fact that the plant site, construction base, railway tracks were not prepared for operation for a long time. In addition, the construction of the Atasu iron mine, which was the ore base of the plant, was carried out at a slow pace. Only in 1957, the project of the Karaganda Metallurgical Plant was approved by the Government of the USSR. The authors note that in 1958 the plant became an all-Union Komsomol construction site, in the construction of which seven specialized enterprises participated. The modern Karmetkombinat is one of the largest metallurgical and coal bases in the republic. At the same time, it gives rise to a complex of environmental problems in the region, the solution of which remains permanent.
Highlights
The entry of the Kazakh lands into the Russian Empire led to a gradual penetration of capitalist relations into the region, which made many changes in the socio-cultural and economic life of the local population [1]
The Karaganda region accounts for almost a quarter (23.7%) of the republic’s manufacturing industry, which is due to the predominant share of the Karaganda region in the production of the metallurgical industry (52.8% of the republican volume), including 49.7% in the production of ferrous metallurgy and 56.6% in the production of non-ferrous metals
In the city of Karaganda, according to the stationary observation network, the level of atmospheric air pollution was assessed as a high level of pollution, which was determined by the value of Standard Index (SI) = 8.8, maximum repeatability (MR) equaled 20.4% [8] (Table 1)
Summary
The entry of the Kazakh lands into the Russian Empire led to a gradual penetration of capitalist relations into the region, which made many changes in the socio-cultural and economic life of the local population [1]. The Karaganda region accounts for almost a quarter (23.7%) of the republic’s manufacturing industry, which is due to the predominant share of the Karaganda region in the production of the metallurgical industry (52.8% of the republican volume), including 49.7% in the production of ferrous metallurgy and 56.6% in the production of non-ferrous metals. The main areas of the machine-building and metalworking enterprises in the region are the production and repair of mining equipment, the production of building metal structures, manufacture of chemical, rubber and plastic products, etc. The Karaganda region is one of the largest metallurgical and coal bases in our state, and in the CIS countries It is one of the richest in mineral resources that benefit the economy of Kazakhstan. An increase in production volumes leads to the fact that a large amount of harmful substances enters the environment, which creates conditions for an environmental threat emergence in the region
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