Abstract

This study aims to determine the physical and mechanical characteristics of bioplastics made from Raja Bulu banana peel waste starch, which include tensile strength, elongation, thickness values, water absorption values, and how long this bioplastic can be decomposed. This research is experimentally based in a laboratory, starting with the manufacture of starch extraction, the process of making bioplastics, the testing process, and data analysis. Other additives used are plasticizers, which include glycerol and sorbitol, as well as the addition of chitosan. There are 2 variations in this study. The first variation is bioplastic with glycerol, sorbitol, and a mixture of glycerol + sorbitol without the addition of chitosan (A1, B1, and C1), while the second variation is bioplastic with glycerol, sorbitol plasticizer, and a mixture of glycerol + sorbitol with the addition of chitosan (A2, B2, and C2). The results of the tensile strength test for bioplastics made from banana peel waste starch ranged from 1.9 to 21.17 Mpa, with the highest tensile strength value being sample B2 and the lowest tensile strength value being sample A1. The resulting elongation value ranges from 12.62 to 64.22%, with the highest elongation value being sample A1 and the lowest elongation value being sample B2. The value of the resulting absorption ranges from 43.4–120.2% with the highest absorption value being sample B1 and the lowest absorption value being A2. The results of the biodegradability test show that bioplastics without chitosan can decompose for 14–15 days, while bioplastics with chitosan can decompose within 19–20 days. Keywords: bioplastic, plasticizer, chitosan, skin flour of Raja Bulu banana ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik dan mekanik bioplastik berbahan baku pati kulit pisang Raja Bulu yang meliputi kuat tarik, kemuluran, nilai ketebalan, nilai daya serap air, dan berapa lama bioplastik ini dapat terurai. Penelitian ini berbasis eksperimen di laboratorium, dimulai dengan pembuatan ekstraksi pati, proses pembuatan bioplastik, proses pengujian, dan analisis data. Aditif lain yang digunakan adalah plasticizer, yang meliputi gliserol dan sorbitol, serta penambahan kitosan. Ada 2 variasi dalam penelitian ini. Variasi pertama adalah bioplastik dengan gliserol, sorbitol, dan campuran gliserol + sorbitol tanpa penambahan kitosan (A1, B1, dan C1), sedangkan variasi kedua adalah bioplastik dengan gliserol, plasticizer sorbitol, dan campuran gliserol + sorbitol. dengan penambahan kitosan (A2, B2, dan C2). Hasil uji kuat tarik bioplastik berbahan pati limbah kulit pisang berkisar antara 1,9 hingga 21,17 Mpa, dengan nilai kuat tarik tertinggi pada sampel B2 dan nilai kuat tarik terendah pada sampel A1. Nilai elongasi yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 12,62 hingga 64,22%, dengan nilai elongasi tertinggi pada sampel A1 dan nilai elongasi terendah pada sampel B2. Nilai serapan yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 43,4-120,2% dengan nilai serapan tertinggi adalah sampel B1 dan nilai serapan terendah adalah A2. Hasil uji biodegradabilitas menunjukkan bahwa bioplastik tanpa kitosan dapat terurai selama 14–15 hari, sedangkan bioplastik dengan kitosan dapat terurai dalam waktu 19–20 hari. Kata kunci: bioplastik, plasticizer, kitosan, pati kulit pisang raja bulu

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