Abstract
Kaempferitrin is extracted in significantly high quantities from the leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum, which belongs to a group of plant species that comes under the genus Cinnamomum, well-known for its established anti-diabetic property in Chinese medicine. Oral administration of kaempferitrin and Cinnamomum osmophloeum extract reduced blood sugar in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and improved the lipid profile in hamsters respectively. In this paper we studied the differential protein expression profile using mass spectrometry approach in the kaempferitrin-treated conditioned medium of liver cancer cell line HepG2. We discovered that 33 genes were up/down-regulated consistently between two biological samples. A slightly different version of the analysis software selected 28 genes, and the final 18 genes that appeared in both lists were selected. Interestingly, 5 proteins out of 18 were either exosomal markers or reported in high frequency of occurrence in exosome/secreted vesicles. We also examined the extracellular particles with atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed that the conditioned medium of kaempferitrin treated had larger vesicles and fewer small vesicles. Expression of some lipid-regulating genes were also altered. Our data suggested that extracellular vesicle secretions may be regulated by kaempferitrin, and regulation of lipid profile by kampeferitrin involves multiple mechanisms.
Highlights
Cinnamomum osmophloeum (CO) is an important plant species in traditional Chinese medicine and group of plant that comes under the same genus Cinnamomum is wellknown for its anti-diabetic property
After confirming that the immune response was not provoked by kaempferitrin, we found several genes that were interesting among the regulated proteins
HepG2 cells were chosen for the experiments because of its relevance in endogenous lipid generation and we reported an interesting proteomic issue for hepatocyte-secreted vesicle, through two different approaches (Western blots and atomic force microscopy (AFM)), to explain the results
Summary
Cinnamomum osmophloeum (CO) is an important plant species in traditional Chinese medicine and group of plant that comes under the same genus Cinnamomum is wellknown for its anti-diabetic property. Among various bioactive compounds in CO, Kaempferitrin is a potent flavonoid compound that is extracted in significantly high quantities from the leaves [1,2,3]. Kaempferitrin is extracted from many medicinal plants such as Bauhinia forficata, which are used as an antidiabetic herbal remedy in Brazil [4]. Oral administration of Kaempferitrin reduces blood sugar in alloxan-induced diabetic rats [4,5], and intraperitoneal injection of polyphenols extracted from Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaves reduces blood sugar in diabetic rats [6]. Though previously demonstrated to activate the classical insulin signaling pathways, mechanism for anti-diabetic activity of kaempferitrin is still not clearly understood
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