Abstract
Traveling into Outer Space: Unanswered Questions about Fungal Extracellular Vesicles.
Highlights
Extracellular vesicle (EV) release in fungi was described for the first time in 2007 in the yeastlike pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans [1]
What Is the Role of Fungal EVs during Infection?. It remains unknown whether fungal EVs are produced in vivo, which is likely linked to the lack of protocols and molecular markers for isolation of these membranous compartments from body fluids
Since the first isolation of fungal EVs in 2007, the progress made in the field was unquestionable
Summary
Extracellular vesicle (EV) release in fungi was described for the first time in 2007 in the yeastlike pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans [1]. The phenomenon of EV production, which is present in all domains of life, has been observed in many different fungal species, including yeast cells and hyphae. Composition of EVs, the impact of their release on fungal pathogenesis, and their potential use as protective immunogens have been explored in a number of original studies and comprehensive reviews (see Fig 1 and [2] for a summary). Many aspects related to the biological properties of fungal EVs remain obscure. In this manuscript, we will focus our discussion on three fundamental but still unanswered questions about fungal EVs
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