K-carrageenan/PVA/nano-eggshell biocomposite-based non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor for low-level urea detection

Abstract

As a comprehensive survey on both health and biosensor technologies, in this study, a non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor based on kappa-carrageenan/PVA/nano-eggshell (K-carrageenan/PVA/nano-eggshell) biocomposite was prepared to detect low-level urea in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS). Novel K-carrageenan/PVA/nano-eggshell biocomposite was prepared by ultrasonics sonochemistry. The electrochemical biosensor showed a sensitivity of 0.018 μA μM−1 cm−2 in a linear range of [250–1000] μM urea. Urea detection limit of the biosensor was 60 μM at room temperature.