Abstract
The article presents the results of a study to identify the optimal value of the annual load on one tractor using direct sowing technology. The optimal annual load on one tractor is directly associated with the power provision to agriculture and, indirectly, with its productivity. The article analyzes the dependence of the annual tractor load in ploughland per ha on various factors of the tractor-operator-instrument-fieldsoil-crop system: on tractor parameters; unit; environment and it is concluded that the optimal annual load on one tractor depends on them. The method of choosing various agricultural enterprises power supply should be connected with the natural and climatic conditions of their production activities, accepted technologies for cultivating crops, soil types, field sizes, etc. It was revealed that in Russia the optimal energy supply of agriculture with the power of tractor engines, using the zero tillage technology, is in the range from 2.4 to 2.8 hp/ha.
Highlights
The annual tractor load per ha determines the equipment use intensity
The optimal annual load on tractors can be determined on the basis of optimizing the composition of the machine-tractor fleet (MTF) on the enterprise, which is a process of calculating the qualitative and quantitative composition of the equipment used, as a result of which agricultural work will be carried out in optimal agrotechnical terms, which will help to obtain high and stable yields with minimal resource costs
When performing a technological operation, in particular on grain crops' direct sowing, there is an optimal value of the annual load on the tractor, which varies by tractor brands
Summary
The optimal annual load on tractors can be determined on the basis of optimizing the composition of the machine-tractor fleet (MTF) on the enterprise, which is a process of calculating the qualitative and quantitative composition of the equipment used, as a result of which agricultural work will be carried out in optimal agrotechnical terms, which will help to obtain high and stable yields with minimal resource costs.The existing methods used to solve the optimization problems of the MTF are differ [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] by: 1. Optimization criterion; 2. All existing mathematical models of MTFs have a drawback – they use either particular optimization criteria or a global, synthesizing, but economic criterion — reduced costs – is a subjective indicator, and, does not take into account the technical parameters stress on the crop being formed. The article proposes to use an objective, integrated criterion – total energy costs [17] as a criterion for optimizing the MTFs composition and the parameters of a machine and tractor unit in a technological operation
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