Обоснование конструкции поливного модуля системы капельного орошения плодовых садов

Abstract

Purpose: to determine the parameters and justification of the design of the irrigation module of the drip irrigation system for orchards. Materials and methods. Typical crop planting patterns in an orchard, microclimatic, soil and technological conditions of drip irrigation are considered as initial factors. The results of the study were obtained in the process of methods and recommendations generalizing for predicting the technological parameters of a drip irrigation network. Results and discussion. As a result of the research, a methodology to justify the design of the irrigation module, which provides for establishing: the area of the crop nutrition zone; coefficient determining the area of the nutrition zone to be moistened; diameter and area of the horizontal projection of the soil moisture contour; the number of moisture contours and emitters ensuring their formation; diagrams for placing emitters in the plant nutrition zone was developed. As a criterion for choosing the design of an irrigation module, the ratio of the area of moistened soil space required for cultivating plants and the area of drip soil moisture zones formed by the irrigation module is taken. The methodology was tested on an irrigation module in single- and double-line versions. Conclusions. A single-line irrigation module meets the needs of perennial fruit crops in areas with a natural moisture coefficient of 1.0, and in rare combinations of conditions with a coefficient of 0.8. The double-line irrigation module consistently provides the required soil moisture area in areas with a natural moisture coefficient ≥ 0.6 and cannot form the required moisture area for the nutrition zone of fruit crops in areas with a moisture coefficient of 0.4. For drip irrigation of perennial fruit crops in areas with a moisture coefficient ≤ 0.6, it is proposed to use an irrigation module with three drip lines.