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Abstract
In the article the authors attempt to determine environmental safety criteria in the field of construction activities. A comprehensive methodological rationale for environmental safety in the construction industry is given. The system of environmental monitoring, the criteria and conditions for its implementation, as well as the principles of environmental monitoring set out in environmentally friendly standards, are considered. Analysis of the environmental monitoring system at all stages of the construction products life cycle showed that departmental confusion impedes the development of environmentally oriented investment and construction activities. Under these conditions, it is necessary to create an independent structure focused on environmental protection. The transfer of maximum powers to it will make it possible to quickly solve the problems of environmental monitoring as part of the movement towards sustainable and balanced development of the country.
Highlights
The vivid direct impacts and indirect effects will be assessed at all stages of the construction produce life cycle
The investment and construction activity has an effect on the quality of environment, the authors see an efficient mean of environmental management in the system of ecological monitoring: it is connected to systematization and analysis of information on the state of environment; on the reasons of observed and probable changes of its quality; on admissibility of changes and loads on the environment as a whole; on the existing reserves of eco-systems
In order to overcome the drawbacks of traditional construction, a number of “green” standards has been developed too on the basis of principles of sustainable development and providing for safe and favorable conditions for the people’ vital life sustenance, acceptable level of impact on the environment and taking into account a wide range of interests: — BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), developed by BRE Global company; — LEED (The Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design) offered by the U.S Green Building Council (USGBC); — DGNB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen) presented for supporting the “green” building by the Council of sustainable construction of Germany
Summary
The vivid direct impacts (harmful emissions, waste generation, etc.) and indirect effects (influence on individual’s health, aggravation of quality of environment, etc.) will be assessed at all stages of the construction produce life cycle. It should be noted that the solution of this task will be attained in the process of creative, rather than the destructive interaction of the community and nature with a focus on the fact that the application of architectural and civil engineering solutions and construction technologies not satisfying specific features of the territories should be restricted Otherwise, it will bring about the drastic alterations of the landscapes, violation of stability of the ecological and economical structure. A transformation of natural resource potential and a replacement of natural landscapes with anthropogenic ones will take place In this respect the system of ecological monitoring contemplates implementation of the following tasks: assess indicators of state and functional integrity of eco-systems and human habitat; reveal the reasons of changing these indicators; predict consequences resulting from such changes; define corrective measures in those cases, when the target indicators of ecological conditions are not attained; consider prerequisites to determine measures for correcting the resultant negative situations before any damage is inflicted. Tetior and many others can be distinguished among Russian scholars [24,25,26,27]
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