Abstract
The distribution of ionization and the temperature variation in the Jovian ionosphere is determined by simultaneously solving the momentum and chemical equations for electrons, ions and neutrals together with their respective heat transport equation. The boundary conditions at the bottom of the ionosphere are chosen in accordance with recent infra-red and occultation measurements. The ionosphere is hotter than previously thought. The electron temperature may be as high as 1500 K. A considerable flux of particles can escape from the ionosphere. These particles are trapped in the Jovian magnetosphere by a two-stream instability. A Gledhill disk will form. The variation of plasma density along Io's orbit is calculated.
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