Jowar and Wheat Yield Prediction using a Wavelet based Fusion of Landsat and Sentinel Data with Meteorological Parameters

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Objectives: The objective of this study is to improve the accuracy of crop yield prediction models, specifically focusing on wheat and jowar crops in Maharashtra during the Rabi season, by integrating Landsat and Sentinel satellite data with meteorological parameters. Methods: The study utilizes Landsat 8 and Sentinel satellite datasets covering Maharashtra State. Atmospheric correction is applied to extract surface properties, followed by wavelet-based fusion to combine the images. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is calculated and combined with meteorological parameters using ensemble learning techniques, including Random Forest and Ada-Boost algorithms. Comparative analysis is conducted against existing models, considering parameters such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Findings: Significant findings reveal that the proposed methodology outperforms existing models, achieving lower MAE, MSE, and RMSE values for wheat and jowar yield predictions. Additionally, our research highlights the superiority of wheat production over jowar in the Rabi season, based on comprehensive analysis of crop yield predictions. Novelty: This study introduces a novel approach that integrates multiple data sources and employs ensemble learning techniques to enhance crop yield prediction accuracy. By combining Landsat and Sentinel satellite data with meteorological parameters, our methodology provides a more comprehensive understanding of crop growth dynamics, leading to more reliable predictions compared to existing methods. Keywords: Satellite imagery, Machine learning, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Fusion, Ensemble learning