Abstract
Herein, a precoding scheme is developed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that use one-bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at the transmitter and receiver, respectively, as a means to reduce the power consumption. Two different one-bit architectures are presented. In the first, a single user MIMO system is considered where the DACs and ADCs of the transmitter and the receiver are assumed to be one-bit and in the second, a network of analog phase shifters is added at the receiver as an additional analog-only processing step with the view to mitigate some of the effects of coarse quantization. The precoding design problem is formulated and then split into two NP-hard optimization problems, which are solved by an algorithmic solution based on the Cyclic Coordinate Descent (CCD) framework. The design of the analog post-coding matrix for the second architecture is decoupled from the precoding design and is solved by an algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Numerical results show that the proposed precoding scheme successfully mitigates the effects of coarse quantization and the proposed systems achieve a performance close to that of systems equipped with full resolution DACs/ADCs.
Highlights
L ARGE-SCALE and massive multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) systems significantly improve the spectral efficiency and reliability when compared to systems equipped with a small number of antenna elements and are a key component for meeting the ever growing demand for mobile services
In [12], [16]–[18] precoding with constant envelope signals was proposed for transmitters with power efficient, non-linear power amplifiers (PAs) for transmission, in [19]–[21] constant envelope precoding solutions were proposed for transmission over frequency selective channels, while in [22]–[30] precoding schemes for the downlink of multi-user MIMO systems comprised of a multiple antenna base station with low-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and users with full resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) were proposed
The numerical results showed the necessity of appropriate precoding schemes for one-bit DACs and ADCs transceivers, as the optimal singular value decomposition (SVD)-based precoding for full resolution DACs and ADCs could not guarantee error free communication when quantized to the desired one-bit precision
Summary
L ARGE-SCALE and massive multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) systems significantly improve the spectral efficiency and reliability when compared to systems equipped with a small number of antenna elements and are a key component for meeting the ever growing demand for mobile services. In [12], [16]–[18] precoding with constant envelope signals was proposed for transmitters with power efficient, non-linear PAs for transmission, in [19]–[21] constant envelope precoding solutions were proposed for transmission over frequency selective channels, while in [22]–[30] precoding schemes for the downlink of multi-user MIMO systems comprised of a multiple antenna base station with low-resolution DACs and users with full resolution ADCs were proposed. Several contributions studied the uplink where multiple single antenna users employing high resolution DACs transmitted to a base station with a large number of receive antennas and one-bit ADCs. Research showed that in the case of frequency-flat channels, linear detectors combined with simple linear precoding can achieve high sum rates [40]–[45] when the number of antennas is large enough.
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