MIMO Systems with One-bit ADCs: Capacity Gains using Nonlinear Analog Operations

Abstract

Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) are a major contributor to the energy consumption on the receiver side of millimeter-wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with large antenna arrays. Consequently, there has been significant interest in using low-resolution ADCs along with hybrid beamforming at MIMO receivers for energy efficiency. However, decreasing the ADC resolution results in performance loss — in terms of achievable rates — due to increased quantization error. In this work, we study the application of practically implementable nonlinear analog operations, prior to sampling and quantization at the ADCs, as a way to mitigate the afore-mentioned rate-loss. A receiver architecture consisting of linear analog combiners, implementable nonlinear analog operators, and one-bit threshold ADCs is designed. The fundamental information theoretic performance limits of the resulting communication system, in terms of achievable rates, are investigated under various assumptions on the set of implementable nonlinear analog functions. In order to justify the feasibility of the nonlinear operations in the proposed receiver architecture, an analog circuit is introduced, and circuit simulations exhibiting the generation of the desired nonlinear analog operations are provided.