Abstract
A joint delay and phase discriminator based on the ESPRIT algorithm is proposed for positioning with the fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) downlink cellular signals. Since ESPRIT requires knowledge of the number of paths of the radio channel to operate, the proposed discriminator is coupled and studied with two channel order estimators: minimum descriptive length (MDL) and efficient channel order determination (ECOD). To mitigate the delay and phase outliers appearing when the MDL overestimates the channel order, a path selection criterion based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the path is proposed. The ESPRIT discriminator is evaluated in terms of the distribution of the estimated channel order, and the delay and phase errors in the absence and presence of multipath. It is observed that the path selection criterion makes the MDL suitable for positioning as no delay and phase outliers are produced. In the presence of multipath, the ESPRIT discriminator achieves lower mean and root-mean-square delay and phase errors than the commonly used early-minus-late power (EMLP) and 2-argument arctangent (ATAN2) discriminators.
Highlights
T HE fourth generation (4G) Long-term Evolution (LTE) and fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) cellular systems have evolved to become a relevant source of positioning thanks to their favorable signal characteristics and good coverage in urban environments [1]
A phase discriminator based on the 2-argument arctangent (ATAN2) operator applied to the channel frequency response (CFR) estimated using the reference pilots was proposed by del Peral et al [17] for LTE positioning and further expanded in the work of Shamaei and Kassas [18]
A joint delay and phase discriminator based on ESPRIT was proposed for positioning with 5G NR downlink cellular signals
Summary
T HE fourth generation (4G) Long-term Evolution (LTE) and fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) cellular systems have evolved to become a relevant source of positioning thanks to their favorable signal characteristics and good coverage in urban environments [1]. A phase discriminator based on the 2-argument arctangent (ATAN2) operator applied to the channel frequency response (CFR) estimated using the reference pilots was proposed by del Peral et al [17] for LTE positioning and further expanded in the work of Shamaei and Kassas [18]. A joint delay and phase discriminator based on the ESPRIT algorithm is proposed for positioning with 5G NR cellular signals. (ii) A discriminator based on ESPRIT capable of joint delay and phase error estimation suitable for signal tracking loop implementations is proposed. (iv) The ESPRIT discriminator is coupled with the MDL and ECOD methods, and the resulting combinations are compared in terms of the distribution of the estimated channel order, and the delay and phase errors in the absence and presence of multipath. The operator sort (x) produces a vector whose values are sorted in ascending order
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